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CHIKUNGUNYA

Chikungunya fever is a viral disease transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It was first described during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in 1952. It is an RNA virus of the genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae. “Chikungunya " is a voice Kimakonde language meaning " bend " , referring to the stooped appearance of patients because of joint pain. The poeple have to drink whater to be hydrated and not the fever is over

Signs and symptoms

Chikungunya fever is characterized by sudden onset of fever , usually accompanied by joint pain. Other common signs and symptoms include muscle aches , headaches , nausea , fatigue and rash. Joint pain can be very debilitating , but usually disappear within a few days.

Most patients recover fully, but in some cases joint pain may last several months or even years. Occasional cases have been reported with ocular , neurological and cardiac complications , and gastrointestinal discomfort. Serious complications are rare , but the disease in older people can contribute to death. Often patients have only mild symptoms and the infection may go unnoticed or misdiagnosed as dengue in areas where this is common.

Transmission

Chikungunya fever has been detected in more than 60 countries in Asia , Africa , Europe and the Americas.

The virus is transmitted from one person to another by the bite of infected female mosquitoes . Generally mosquitoes involved are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, two species which can also transmit other viruses , including dengue . These mosquitoes usually bite during the daytime period , although its activity can be greatest early in the morning and late afternoon . Both species bite outdoors, but Ae . aegypti can also do indoors.

The disease usually appears between 4 and 8 days after the bite of an infected mosquito, although the range can vary between 2 and 12 days.

Treatment

There is no specific antiviral to treat chikungunya fever. Treatment consists mainly of relieving symptoms, including joint pain, antipyretics, analgesics and optimum liquid. There is no vaccine marketed chikungunya virus.

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